Бывают случаи когда на новом сервере необходимо установить старую версию MySQL 5.7. Не всегда можно перевести работающий ресурс на работу с новой версией или перевод требует больших трудов в изменении кода ресурса.
Вступление
С установкой старой версии PHP 5.6 всё гораздо проще и об этом рассказано в статье Нескольких версий PHP на сервере Linux.
Установку будем делать из бинарного дистрибутива. Перечень возможных бинарных дистрибутивов вы можете посмотреть по ссылке MySQL Community Downloads. Так же, можете ознакомиться с инструкцией по установке версии 5.7.
Можно одновременно установить несколько версий и трудностей с этим не возникнет. Важно указывать правильно пути и названия команд управления. Например, в нашем случае используется mysql-5.7. Кроме того, на одном из серверов мне необходима была только одна версия и всю настройку я сделал с учетом что будет использоваться только mysql.
При выполнении резервной копии базы данных и востановлении не забываем указывать правильное имя сервиса.
Более подробно об установке и настройке Rocky Linux вы можете в статье Rocky Linux 8 установка и настройка.
Предварительная подготовка
Установим необходимые пакеты которые нам могут потребоваться:
dnf install libaio libaio-devel libncurses* tar wget
Создаём необходимую группу и пользователя:
groupadd mysql useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
Скачиваем исходник MySQL 5.7
Скачиваем необходимую версию:
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Распаковываем архив без вывода информации о процессе:
tar -zxf mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Или с выводом информации:
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Устанавливаем MySQL 5.7
Переименовываем и переносим папку в необходимое место:
mv mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /opt/mysql-5.7
Создаём необходимые ссылки:
ln -s /opt/mysql-5.7/bin/mysql /usr/local/bin/mysql-5.7 ln -s /opt/mysql-5.7/bin/mysqldump /usr/local/bin/mysqldump-5.7
Переходим в папку и создаем папку под данные с назначением необходимых прав:
cd /opt/mysql-5.7 mkdir ./data chown mysql:mysql ./data chmod 755 ./data
Произведем начальную настройку сервера MySQL:
/opt/mysql-5.7 # ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=./ --character-set-server=utf8 = вывод команды = 2022-02-02T06:37:58.431193Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2022-02-02T06:38:00.706137Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2022-02-02T06:38:01.541332Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2022-02-02T06:38:01.967699Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ab3a127b-83f2-11ec-a16b-0e4799458f07. 2022-02-02T06:38:02.022913Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2022-02-02T06:38:03.275737Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher. 2022-02-02T06:38:03.275828Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher. 2022-02-02T06:38:03.276874Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed. 2022-02-02T06:38:03.592321Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: zRD?OXe,5NsfvfgTI
В выводе присутствует пароль который потребуется нам позже.
Копируем в необходимое место:
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql-5.7
Открываем и приводим к коду указанному ниже в спойлере:
vim /etc/init.d/mysql-5.7
Необходимый код файла /etc/init.d/mysql-5.7
#!/bin/sh # Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB # This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind # MySQL daemon start/stop script. # Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based # systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql. # When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is # started and shut down when the systems goes down. # Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux # chkconfig: 2345 64 36 # description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine. # Comments to support LSB init script conventions ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: mysql-5.7 # Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs # Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd # Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: start and stop MySQL # Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine. ### END INIT INFO # If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/mysql, then you # have to do one of the following things for this script to work: # # - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory # - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information: # [mysqld] # basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory> # - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini) # and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin # - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable # below. # # If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes # in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files. # If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get # overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files. basedir=/opt/mysql-5.7 datadir= mycnf=/etc/mysql/5.7/my.cnf # Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting # for server start. # Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. # 0 means don't wait at all # Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely service_startup_timeout=900 # Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE. lockdir='/var/lock/subsys' lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql" # The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things. # Set some defaults mysqld_pid_file_path= if test -z "$basedir" then basedir=/usr/local/mysql bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin if test -z "$datadir" then datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data fi sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin else bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir" then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" fi # datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be # *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.) datadir_set= # # Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible # lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions" if test -f $lsb_functions ; then . $lsb_functions else log_success_msg() { echo " SUCCESS! $@" } log_failure_msg() { echo " ERROR! $@" } fi PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin" export PATH mode=$1 # start or stop [ $# -ge 1 ] && shift other_args="$*" # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables" # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only. case `echo "testing\c"`,`echo -n testing` in *c*,-n*) echo_n= echo_c= ;; *c*,*) echo_n=-n echo_c= ;; *) echo_n= echo_c='\c' ;; esac parse_server_arguments() { for arg do case "$arg" in --basedir=*) basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir_set"; then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" ;; --datadir=*) datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` datadir_set=1 ;; --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; esac done } wait_for_pid () { verb="$1" # created | removed pid="$2" # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file. i=0 avoid_race_condition="by checking again" while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do case "$verb" in 'created') # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence. test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break ;; 'removed') # wait for this PID-file to disappear test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break ;; *) echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path" exit 1 ;; esac # if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated if test -n "$pid"; then if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then : # the server still runs else # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now. if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then avoid_race_condition="" continue # Check again. fi # there's nothing that will affect the file. log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)." return 1 # not waiting any more. fi fi echo $echo_n ".$echo_c" i=`expr $i + 1` sleep 1 done if test -z "$i" ; then log_success_msg return 0 else log_failure_msg return 1 fi } # Get arguments from the my.cnf file, # the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld] if test -x "$bindir/my_print_defaults"; then print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults" else # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf conf=/etc/my.cnf print_defaults= if test -r $conf then subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$' dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf` for d in $dirs do d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ ]//g'` if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults" then print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults" break fi done fi # Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults" fi # # Read defaults file from 'basedir'. If there is no defaults file there # check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there # extra_args="" if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf" then extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf" fi parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server` # # Set pid file if not given # if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path" then mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid else case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in /* ) ;; * ) mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;; esac fi case "$mode" in 'start') # Start daemon # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..) cd $basedir echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL" if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe then # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script # may be overwritten at next upgrade. $bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$mycnf" --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null & wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$? # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -w "$lockdir" then touch "$lock_file_path" fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)" fi ;; 'stop') # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the # root password. if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" then # signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stop touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown" mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"` if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null) then echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL" kill $mysqld_pid # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it. wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$? else log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!" rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path" fi # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -f "$lock_file_path" then rm -f "$lock_file_path" fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!" fi ;; 'restart') # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was # running or not, start it again. if $0 stop $other_args; then $0 start $other_args else log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start." exit 1 fi ;; 'reload'|'force-reload') if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path" kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL" touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path" else log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!" exit 1 fi ;; 'status') # First, check to see if pid file exists if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path" if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)" exit 0 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists" exit 1 fi else # Try to find appropriate mysqld process mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld` # test if multiple pids exist pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w` if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)" exit 5 elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists" exit 2 fi log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running" exit 3 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found" exit 4 fi fi ;; *) # usage basename=`basename "$0"` echo "Usage: $basename {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]" exit 1 ;; esac exit 0
[свернуть]
Назначаем необходимые права:
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql-5.7
Создаем папку для конфигурации сервера и создаём файл конфигурации:
mkdir -p /etc/mysql/5.7 vim /etc/mysql/5.7/my.cnf = необходимый код = [client] default-character-set = utf8 port = 3307 socket = /tmp/mysql-5.7.sock [mysqld] basedir = /opt/mysql-5.7 bind-address = 0.0.0.0 character-set-server = utf8 collation-server = utf8_general_ci port = 3307 socket = /tmp/mysql-5.7.sock default-authentication-plugin = mysql_native_password server-id = 1 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] default-character-set = utf8 no-auto-rehash
Обращаю внимание что указывается не стандартный порт для работы сервиса. Можете указать стандартный порт 3306 для работы MySQL.
Добавляем в автозагрузку и запускаем:
systemctl enable mysql-5.7 systemctl start mysql-5.7 = или одной командой = systemctl enable --now mysql-5.7
Авторизуемся, меняем пароль и смотрим статус работы сервера MySQL:
/opt/mysql-5.7 # mysql-5.7 --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/5.7/my.cnf -u root -p Enter password: вводим пароль от root Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.37 Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> STATUS; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. = вывод нам говорит что необходимо сменить пароль и мы его меняем = mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('пароль'); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0,00 sec) = выходим = mysql> \q Bye = авторизуемся с новым паролем = /opt/mysql-5.7 # mysql-5.7 --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/5.7/my.cnf -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> STATUS; = вывод команды = -------------- mysql-5.7 Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.37, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 3 Current database: Current user: root@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket Server characterset: utf8 Db characterset: utf8 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql-5.7.sock Uptime: 2 min 15 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 9 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 109 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 102 Queries per second avg: 0.066 -------------- mysql> \q Bye
Заключение
Поддерживать систему в актуальном состоянии важно и нужно. Все необходимые старые версии программного обеспечения вы всегда сможете установить с небольшими усилиями.
